INTRODUCTION AND GREETINGS

Hola = Hello
(ola)

Que'tal = Hello
(ke tal)

Como estas ? = How are you?

Bien, gracias = good, thank you

Muy bien, gracias = very good , thank you
(mui bien, gracias)

Y tu = And you?
(i tu )

Como te llamas ? = What is your name ?
(Komo te yamas?)

Me llamo ......= my name is ........
(mi yamo.....)

Mi nombre es = my name is ....

Y tu ? = And you ?
(i tu? )

Mi nombre es .... = my name is..

De donde eres ? Where are you from?

Y soy de .... = I'm from ........
(i soi de ...)

Y tu ? = and you ?
(i tu ?)

Mucho gusto = Nice to meet you

I gualmente = Nice to meet you too.

Adios = good bye
Nos vemos = see you

Hasta luego = see you letter
(asta luego)

Chao = good bye

Buenas dias = Good Morning
Buenas tardes = good afternoon
Buenas noches = good night , good evening

for older people
Como esta ? = how are you?
bien gracias, Y usterd ? Good thank you, and you ?

Manolo : Hola, Maricarmen!
Maricarmen : Que tal, Manolo ? Como estas?
Manolo : Muy bien, Y tu ?
Maricarmen : Regular. Nos vemos, eh?
Manolo : Hasta manana
(asta Manyana)


Elisa velasco : Buenas taerdes, senor Gomez?
Martin Gomez : Muy buenas, senora Velasco.
Elisa Velasco : Bien, gracias. Y usted ?
Martin Gomez : Muy bies, gracias. Hasta luego.
Elisa Velasco : Adios.


Que tal? , Como estas? , and Y tu are expressions used in formal situations with people you know well, on a first name basis.
Como esta ? and Y usted? are used to address someone with whom you have a formal relationship.

Lupe : Buenos dias, profesor.
Profesor : Buenos dias. Como te llamas?
Lupe : Me llamo Lupe Carrasco
Profesor : Mucho gusto, Lupe.
Lupe : I gualmente

Como se llama usted? is used in formal situation.

Como te llamas? is used in informal situations ( for example, with other student. The phrases mucho gusto and igualmente are used by both men and women when meeting for the first time. In response to mucho gusto , a women can also encantada, a man can say encantado


Miguel : Hola, me llamo Miguel Rene, Y tu ?
Como te llamas?
KArina : Me llamo Karina. Mucho gusto.
Miguel : Mucho gusto, Karina. Y, de donde eres?
Karina : Yo soy de Venezuela. Y tu?
Miguel : Yo soy de Mexico
( yo soi Mehiko)


De donde eres ? is used in formal situations to ask where someone is from. In formal situations to ask where someone is from. In formal situation the expression used is De donde es usted? To replay to either question, the phrase Soy de........... is used.

Nota comunicativa
Otros saludos y expresiones de cortesia

buenos dias good morning ( used until the middle meal)
buenas tardes good afternoon ( used until the evening meal)
buenas noches good evening: good night ( used after the evening meal)

Senor (Sr.) Mr. : Sir
Senora (Sra.) Mrs. : Ma'am
Senorita (Srta.) Miss ( OJO) there is no Spanish equivalent for Ms.
Use Sra or Srta as appropriate.
OJO ( oho )

gracias thank you
muchas gracias thank you very much
de nada you're welcome
no hay de que you're welcome
(no ai de ke)

por favor please (also used to get someone's attention)
perdon pardon me, excuse me ( to ask forgiveness or to get someone's attention)
con permiso pardon me, excuse me ( to request permission to pass by or through a group of
(kon) people)

SPANISH ALPHABET

Aa ( a ) : Jj (jota) : Rr (ere)

Bb (be) : Kk (ka ) : SS (ese)

Cc (ce) : Ll (ele) : Tt (te)

Ch (che): Ll ( elle) : Uu (u)

Dd (de) : Mm (eme) : Vv (ve)

Ee (e) : Nn (ene) : Ww (doble u)

Ff (efe) : Nn (ene /nie) : Xx (equis)


Gg (ge) : Oo (o) : Yy (i griega)

Hh (hache) : Pp (pe) ; Zz ( zeta)
H is silent

Ii ( i ) : Qq (cu)





Rhyming Vowel Practice
Say the sentences out loud:

A, E , I , O, U : Mas sabe el burro que tu!
A, E , I , O , U : Cuantos anos tienes tu ?


PRONUNCIATION GUIDE
Read aloud both the English and the Spanish examples, pronouncing them carefully. The similarity the English and the Spanish pronunciation is shown in bold type.
(Note: English examples are the closest approximations possible)


Vowels
a --- English : mama, yacht ; ----Spanish : cama, masa, Ana
e --- English : ten, desk ; --------Spanish : tele, mete , nene
i --- English : trio, chic, elite ; ---Spanish : si, mitin, di
o --- English : obey ; ------------ Spanish : solo, moto, oso
u --- English : lunar ; ------------Spanish : uso, una, puro
y(alone) -English :many, penny-- Spanish : y

common diphtongs
ai, ay --English : ice ; -------Spanish : bailais, iay
ei, ey --English : vein ; ----- Spanish : veinte, ley, rey
oi ----- English : oil, joy ;- --Spanish : oigo, soy, doy
au -----English : cow, how ;-Spanish : auto, aula, ausente

Consonants
b and v --English : bat at beginning of breath group and after m and n
--Spanish: bamba, vamos, vemos un beso . un vals, enviar
--English : between vowels form a V with both lips
--Spanish: evitar , iba , uva

c before a,o,u --English : cat (c but without a puff of air) ; --Spanish : casa, cosa,cuna

c before e , i ---English : cent, city (in most of Spanish America) ;-- Spanish: celos, cinco, cesto

---English :theater,thin (in a large part of Spain,especially in central and norther Spain)
---Spanish : celos,cinco,celos

ch -------English : check ; ------- Spanish : chico, ocho, lucha

d ------English : do (at beginning of a breath group and after l and n, tongue touches back of
upper teeth)
------ Spanish : donde, aldea, anda
-------English : though (between vowels-with tongue between upper and lower teeth)
-------Spanish : ida, oda, pude

f -------English : fame : -------Spanish : fama,fe,foto

g before a, o, u ---English : gas , go ,gun gala, :----Spanish : goma,gustar

g before e, i -------English : hot (heavy aspirant h) : ---Spanish : gesto, Gil, gime
ge (he)
gi (hi)

h --------English: silent as in hour,honest,honor ;----Spanish : hasta,hora,hola
(aue, ones,onor) (asta,ora,ola)

j before all vowels ----English: hot (heavily aspirated h) ;----Spanish : jota,jefe,ojo
(hota.hefe,oho)

k ----------English : kit (not used in word of Spanish origin) kiosko

l ----------------English : similar to English lento, ; -------Spanish : ala,ola

ll ---- English : million, or yes (most Spanish speaking areas):
------Spanish : llama(yama) , ella (eya) , olla (oya)


m -------English : similar to English ; ------------ Spanish : mi, mas

n--------English : similar in most articulations ;--- Spanish : no, nota

n -------English : onion, union ; ------------------ Spanish : una,ano,nino
pake garis di atas n